This communication presents the results of preliminary investigation of the characteristic levels of heavy metals in surface soils of an oilfield in the Niger Delta. The results indicate higher concentration of the following metals: Cd, Pb, Cu; Ni, Zn, Cr, Mn and Hg in soils around the gas plant than the pipeline areas. There is a significant temporal and spatial variation in the concentrations of the heavy metals. Samples collected during the wet season showed lower concentrations of heavy metals. The distribution pattern of heavy metals follows the following order Fe> Mn> Zn> V> Cr> Pb> Cu> Ni> Cd> Hg> As. The soils around the oilfield could be considered unpolluted since the concentrations of the metals fit into background levels and concentrations found in natural and agricultural soils. Since metal build up is a gradual process, farmland, fishing ponds and water bodies closer to these facilities will be at risk of heavy metal pollution over time.
Abollino, O., Acato, M., Malandrino, M., Menstasti, E., Sarzanini, C. and Petrella, F., (2002). Heavy metals in agricultural soils from piedmont, Italy. Distribution, speciation and chemometric data treatment. Chemosphere., 49 (6), 545-557 (13 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00352-1. Abstract | Full Text (429 K)
2.
Adriano, D. C., (1986). Heavy metal metals in the environment Springer-Verlag, New York. -
3.
Adriano, D. C., Bolan, N. S., Koon, B. J., Naidu, R., Lelie, D., Vangronsveld, J. and Wenzel, W.W., (2002). Natural remediation processes bioavailability interactions in contaminated soils 17th. WCSS Symposium 14-21 August 2002, Thailand, 42, 501.,
4.
Alloway, B. J., (1990). The origins of heavy metals in soil. In
Aloway B. J. (Ed.), Heavy metals in soil. Blackie, Glasgow and London., , 29-30 (2 Pages)Abstract
5.
Cottenie, A., Verloo, M., Kieken, E., Velghe, G. and Camerlynk, R., (1982). Chemical analysis of plant and soil IWONL, Brussel.. -
6.
Culbard, E. B. and Johnson, L. R., (1984). An assessment of Arsenic in house dust and garden soils from south west England and their implications for human health. In Environmental contamination CEP, Edinburgh., , 276-281 (6 Pages)
7.
Fergusson, J. E., Hayes, R. W., Tan, S. Y. and Sim, H. J., (1980). Heavy metals pollution by traffic in Christ Church, New Zealand lead and cadmium content of dust, soil and plant samples. N. Z. J. Sci., 23, 293-310 (18 Pages)
8.
Foto vat, A., Naidu, R. and Suer, M. E., (1997). Water: soil ratio influences aqueous phase chemistry of indigenous copper and Zinc in soils. Aust. J. Soil Res., 35, 687-710 (24 Pages)
9.
Garcia-Miragaya, J., (1984). levels; chemical fractions and
solubility of lead in roadside soils of Caracas. Venezuela. Soil Sci., 138, 147-152 (6 Pages)Abstract
10.
Haines, R. C. and Pocock, R. L., (1980). Heavy metal land contamination: Background levels and site case histories in London Borough of Greenwich. Res. Note 16 Birmingham, Joint unit for Research on the Urban Environment. Univ. of Aston, Birmingham.,
11.
Isirimah, N. O., (1987). An Inventory of some chemical properties of selected surface soils of River state of Nigeria:
In proceedig of 15th. annual conference of Soil Science Association of Nigeria. Kaduna., , 217-233 (17 Pages)
12.
Itanna, F., (1998). Comparative study on soil pollution with
toxic substances on farmlands close to old and New Industrial sites in Ethiopia. Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop., 12 (2), 105-112 (8 Pages)Abstract
13.
Kabala, C. and Singh, B. R., (2001). Fractionation and Mobility of copper, lead, and zinc in soil profiles in the vicinity of a copper smelte. J. Environ. Qual., 30, 485-492 (8 Pages)Abstract
14.
Kabata-Pendias, A. and Pendias., (1992). Trace elements in soil and plants. 2nd. ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL., Abstract
15.
Largerweff, J. V. and Specht A. W., (1970). contamination of Roadside soils and vegetation with cadmium, nickel, lead and zinc. Environ. Sci., 4, 583-586 (4 Pages)
16.
Lavado, R. S., Rodriguez, M. B., Scheiner, J. D., Taboada, M. A., Rubio, G., Alvarec, R., Akonada, M. and Zubillaga, M. S., (1998). Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 29 (11-14), 1913-1917 (5 Pages)
17.
Li, X., Coles, B. J., Ramsey, M. H. and Thornton, I., (1995). Chemical partitioning of the new National Institute of standard and Technology standard reference materials (SRM 2709-2711) by sequential chemical extraction using
inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Analyst., 120, 1415-1419 (5 Pages)Abstract
18.
Lund, W., (1990). Speciation analysis-why and how?. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 337, 557-564 (8 Pages)
19.
Ma, L. Q, and Rao, G. N., (1997). Chemical fractionation of cadmium, Nickel, and Zinc in contaminated soils. Journal of Environ. Qual., 26, 259-264 (6 Pages)
20.
Merry, R. H., Tiller, K. G., and Alston, A. M., (1983). Accumulation of copper, lead and arsenic in some Australian orchard soil. Aust. J. Soil Res., 21, 549-561 (13 Pages)Abstract
21.
Mihaly-Cozmuta, A., Mihaly-Cozmuta, L., Viman, V., Vatea, G. and Varga, C., (2005). Spectrophotometeric methods used to Determine heavy metal pollution and total cyanides in accidental polluted soils. Am. J. Appl. Sci., 2 (1), 358-362 (5 Pages)
22.
Naidu, R., Oliver, D. and McConnell, S., (2003). Heavy metal phytotoxicity in soils. In Langley A., Gilbey M. and Kennedy B (Eds.), proceedings of the fifth National workshop on the Assessment of site contamination National Environment Protection Council service corporation Adelaide S. A.,
23.
Nelson, D. W., and Sommer, G. E., (1986). Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter: In Page AL, Miller R.H. Kenney
D.R. (Eds.). Method of soil analysis. Part 2 chemical andmicrobiological properties. Agronomy series 9. 2nd. ed. American society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin., , 539-579 (41 Pages)
24.
Olszowy, H., Torr, P., Imray, P., Smith, P., Hegarty, I. and
Hastie, G., (1993). Report on studies of levels of trace
elements in soil from Rural and Urban Areas of Australia.
Contaminated sites monograph No. 4, Department of
Human services and Health Environmental Protection Agency and South Australian Health commission. Contaminated sites monograph No. 4, Department of Human services and Health Environmental Protection Agency and South Australian Health commission.,
25.
Osuji, L. C. and Onojake, C. M., (2004). The Ebocha – 8oil spillage II. Fate of associated heavy metals six months after. African J. Environ. Assess. Moni., 9, 78-87 (10 Pages)
26.
Purves, D., (1985). Trace-element contamination of the
environment. Elsevier, Amsterdam.,
27.
Reeuwijk, L. P., (1995). Procedure for soil Analysis Technical
paper 9. 5th Ed. ISRIC, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,
28.
Tack, F. M. G., Verloo, M. G., Vanmechelen, L. and Van Eanst, E., (1997). Baseline concentration levels of trace elements
as a function of clay and organic carbon contents in soils in Flanders (Belgium). Sci. Total Environ., 201, 113-123 (11 Pages). Full Text
29.
Will and Suter ., (1995). cited in (2003) Proceeding of the fifth
National workshop on the assessment of site contamination. National environment protection council service corporation, Adelaide S.A., Abstract
30.
Yan Chu, H., (1994). Arsenic distribution in soils. In Nriagu J.
O. (ed.) Arsenic in the environment, Part I, Cycling and
Characteristics, John Wiley. - , 17-49 (33 Pages)
31.
Yaron, B., Calvet, R., Prost, R., (1996). Soil pollution: processes and dynamics. Springer-Verlag; Berlin., Abstract
Recommend
E-Alert
Order Journal
Track your article)
Volume 10 (2013)
Top of Page