Home Articles Article Details
    Abstracting/Indexing   
      p-ISSN: 1735-1472
     e-ISSN: 1735-2630
    
    (In Press)
Volume 10 (2013)
Volume 9 (2012)
Volume 8 (2011)
Volume 7 (2010)
Volume 6 (2009)
Volume 5 (2008)
Volume 4 (2007)
Volume 3 (2006)
Volume 2 (2005)
Volume 1 (2004)
Chlorinated volatile organic compounds found near the water surface of heavily polluted rivers
Article 4: Volume 6, Number 4, Autumn 2009, Pages 545-556 (12) XML PDF (323 K)
Authors
D. F. Juang; C. H. Lee; S. C. Hsueh
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to identify the chlorinated volatile organic compounds near the water surface of two heavily polluted rivers in the south of Taiwan and compare their concentration distributions. Air samples were collected seasonally at the upstream, midstream and downstream water surfaces of each river and the chlorinated volatile organic compounds were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by gas chromatography and electron capture detector. Totally, twelve kinds of chlorinated volatile organic compounds were found at the water surfaces of both rivers and many of them were reported to be carcinogenic or probably carcinogenic to human. The results showed that each chlorinated volatile organic compound had its own distribution pattern and no good correlation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds between both rivers was obtained. The chlorinated volatile organic compounds identified at the river water surface of Fong Shan Stream showed much higher concentration than those of Chuen-Tsen River. Several chlorinated volatile organic compounds, including chlorodibromomethane, hexachlorobutadiene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethene and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane were found with much higher concentration (mean concentrations of 124.5 µg/m3, 334.5 µg/m3, 92.2 µg/m3, 268.4 µg/m3, respectively) at the water surface of Fong Shan Stream in some seasons (especially spring and summer, summer and winter, spring and winter, spring and summer, respectively) and they were reported to be possibly carcinogenic to human. Therefore, it may be concluded that the people living close to Fong Shan Stream possibly had higher health risks due to the release of VOCs from the heavily polluted river.
Keywords
Carcinogen; Chlorinated aliphatic compounds; Chlorobenzenoic compounds; Health risk assessment; River water
Main Subjects
Organic compound; River; Water pollution
Related Articles in IJEST Publication by Reference
References
1. ASDKMG, (2003). Report of Cheun-Tsen River Environmental Monitoring Project (in Chinese). A Sewer Department of Kaohsiung Municipal Government, Kaohsiung Municipal Government, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
2. Chapmana, S. W.; Parkera, B. L.; Cherrya, J. A.; Aravenaa, R.; Hunkelerb, D., (2007). Groundwater–surface water interaction and its role on TCE groundwater plume attenuation. J. Contam. Hydrol., 91 (3-4), 203-232 (30 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.10.006. Abstract | Full Text (1281 K)
3. Ellis, P. A.; Rivett, M. O., (2007). Assessing the impact of VOC-contaminated groundwater on surface water at the city scale. J. Contam. Hydrol., 91 (1-2), 107-127 (21 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.08.015. Abstract | Full Text (1013 K)
4. IARC, (1987). Overall evaluations of carcinogenicity: An updating of IARC monographs 1-42. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Supplement 7 , 195-196 (2 Pages)
5. IPCS, (1993). International Chemical Safety Card - 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane. International Programme on Chemical Safety, No. 0332, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva.
6. IPCS, (1994). Assessing human health risks of chemicals: Derivation of guidance values for health-based exposure limits. International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria 170, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva.
7. Juang, D. F.; Yuan, C. S.; Hsueh, S. C.; Chiou, L. J., (2009). Distribution of volatile organic compounds around a polluted river. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 6 (1), 91-104 (14 Pages) Abstract | Full Text (1067 K)
8. Kaiser, K. L. E.; Comba, M. E., (1983). Volatile contaminants in the Welland River watershed. J. Great Lakes Res., 9 (2), 274-280 (7 Pages) Abstract
9. Kostopoulou, M. N.; Golfinopoulos, S. K.; Nikolaou, A. D.; Xilourgidis, N. K.; Lekkas, T. D., (2000). Volatile organic compounds in the surface waters of Northern Greece. Chemosphere, 40 (5), 527-532 (6 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00293-3. Abstract | Full Text (88 K)
10. Lewis, A.; Davies, J., (1998). Blue-sky chromatography: GC in flight. LC-GC Int., 11 , 428-433 (6 Pages)
11. Liu, Y.; Shao, M.; Lu, S. H.; Chang, C. C.; Wang, J. L.; Chen, G., (2007). Volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, China. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 8 (8), 1531-1545 (15 Pages) Abstract
12. Nestmann, E. R.; Lee, E. G. H., (1983). Mutagenicity of constituents of pulp and paper mill effluent in growing cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutat Res., 119, 273-280 (8 Pages) Abstract
13. Nestmann, E. R.; Lee, E. G. H.; Matula, T. I.; Douglas, G. R.; Mueller, J. C., (1980). Mutagenicity of constituents identified in pulp and paper mill effluents using the Salmonella mammalian-microsome assay. Mutat Res., 79, 203-212 (10 Pages) Abstract
14. Nichols, J. W.; McKim, J. M.; Lien, G. J.; Hoffman, A. D.; Bertelsen, S. L.; Gallinat, C. A., (1993). Physiologically-based toxicokinetic modelling of three waterborne chloroethanes in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Aquat. Toxicol., 27 (1), 83-112 (30 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/0166-445X(93)90049-7. Abstract | Full Text (1431 K)
15. Nikolaou, A. D.; Golfinopoulos, S. K.; Kostopoulou, M. N.; Kolokythas, G. A.; Lekkas, T. D., (2002). Determination of volatile organic compounds in surface waters and treated wastewater in Greece. Water Res., 36 (11), 2883-2890 (8 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00497-3. Abstract | Full Text (208 K)
16. NYSDH, (2003). Tetrachloroethene in indoor and outdoor air. Fact Sheet, 1-6, New York State Department of Health, USA.
17. OSHA, (1989). Air contaminants. Occupational Safety & Health Administration, US Department of Labor. Final Rule, Federal Register, 54, 2933.
18. Pankow, J. F.; Rathbun, R. E.; Zogorski, J. S., (1996). Calculated volatilization rates of fuel oxygenate compounds and other gasoline-related compounds from rivers and streams. Chemosphere, 33 (5), 921-937 (17 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/0045-6535(96)00227-5. Abstract | Full Text (536 K)
19. Pejman, A. H.; Nabi Bidhendi, G. R.; Karbassi, A. R.; Mehrdadi, N.; Esmaeili Bidhendi, M., (2009). Evaluation of spatial and seasonal variations in surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 6 (3), 467-476 (10 Pages) Abstract | Full Text (269 K)
20. Rathbun, R. E., (2000). Transport, behavior, and fate of volatile organic compounds in streams. Crit. Rev. Env. Sci. Tech., 30 (2), 129-295 (167 Pages), DOI: 10.1080/10643380091184183. Abstract
21. Rivett, M. O.; Shepherd, K. A.; Keeys, L.; Brennan, A. E., (2005). Chlorinated solvents in the Birmingham aquifer, UK: 1986-2001. Q. J. Eng. Geol. Hydroge., 38 (4), 337-350 (14 Pages), DOI: 10.1144/1470-9236/04-051. Abstract
22. Sacks, R.; Akard, M., (1994). High-speed GC analysis of VOCs: Tunable selectivity and column selection. Environ. Sci. Tech., 28 (9), 428-433 (6 Pages), DOI: 10.1021/es00058a003. Abstract
23. Smith, A. D.; Bharath, A.; Mallard, C.; Orr, D.; Smith, K.; Sutton, J. A.; Vukmanich, J.; McCarty, L. S.; Ozburn, G. W., (1991). The acute and chronic toxicity of ten chlorinated organic compounds to the American flagfish (Jordanella floridae). Arch. Environ. Con. Tox., 20 (1), 94-102 (9 Pages) Abstract
24. Soltanali, S.; Shams Hagani, Z., (2008). Modeling of air stripping from volatile organic compounds in biological treatment processes. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 5 (3), 353-360 (8 Pages) Abstract | Full Text (240 K)
25. Taiwan EPA, (1998). Analytical methods for environment – analytical methods for air (in Chinese). Taiwan EPA, Taipei, Taiwan.
26. USEPA, (1984). Compendium of methods for the determination of toxic organic compounds in ambient air. TO-1 EPA-600/4-84/041.
27. USEPA, (1994). Determination of total gaseous organic concentration using a flame ionization analyzer. 40 CFR Method 25A, 7-1-94.
28. Wang, X.; Sheng, G.; Fu, J.; Chan, C.; Lee, S. C.; Chan, L. Y.; Wang, Z., (2002). Urban roadside aromatic hydrocarbons in three cities of the Pearl River Delta, People’s Republic of China. Atmos. Environ., 36 (33), 5141-5148 (8 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00640-4. Abstract | Full Text (306 K)
29. Watson, S. B.; Ridal, J.; Zaitlin, B.; Lo, A., (2003). Odours from pulp mill effluent treatment ponds: The origin of significant levels of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB). Chemosphere, 51 (8), 765-773 (9 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00030-4. Abstract | Full Text (184 K)
30. Yamamoto, K.; Fukushima, M.; Kakutani, N.; Kuroda, K., (1997). Volatile organic compounds in urban rivers and their estuaries in Osaka, Japan. Environ. Pollut., 95 (1), 135-143 (9 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/S0269-7491(96)00100-5. Abstract | Full Text (792 K)
31. Yamamoto, K.; Fukushima, M.; Kakutani, N.; Tsuruho, K., (2001). Contamination of vinyl chloride in shallow urban rivers in Osaka, Japan. Water Res., 35 (2), 561-566 (6 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00278-5. Abstract | Full Text (355 K)