Methylene blue has been proposed as a new analytical reagent for the catalytic spectrophotometric determination of thallium (I). It reacts with ascorbic acid in acidic medium to form a colorless product. Thallium (I) increases the rate of reaction and it can be determined base on its catalytic effect on the reaction. The reagents and manifold variables influences on the sensitivity were investigated and the optimum conditions were established. The reaction has been followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in the absorbance of methylene blue at 664 nm. A fixed time method of 180.0 s from initiation of the reaction was used. Under optimum conditions, the proposed method allows the determination of thallium concentrations in the range 3.0 - 200 µg/mL with a detection limit of 0.09 µg/mL. This method is free from of most interference. The results of the proposed method for water samples were comparable with atomic absorption spectroscopy and were found to be in good agreement.
Abdel-Ghani, N. T.; Elchaghaby, G. A., (2007). Influence of operating conditions on the removal of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb ions from wastewater by adsorption. Int. J. Environ. Sci.Tech., 4 (4), 451-456 (6 Pages)Abstract | Full Text (124 K)
2.
Abdel-Ghani, N. T.; Hegazy, A. K.; El-Chaghaby, G. A., (2009). Typha domingensis leaf powder for decontamination of aluminium, iron, zinc and lead: Biosorption kinetics and equilibrium modeling. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 6 (2), 243-248 (6 Pages)Abstract | Full Text (123 K)
3.
Abou-El-Sherbini, K. S.; Mostafa, G. A. E.; Hassanien, M. M., (2003). A new selective chromogenic reagent for the spectrophotometric determination of thallium (I) and (III) and its separation using flotation and the solid-phase extraction on polyurethane foam. Anal. Sci., 19 (9), 1269-1275 (7 Pages), DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19.1269. Abstract | Full Text (71 K)
4.
Baxter, M. J.; Crews, H. M.; Dennis, M. J.; Goodall, I.; Anderson, D., (1997). The determination of the authenticity of wine from its trace element composition. Food Chem., 60 (3), 443-450 (8 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/S0308-8146(96)00365-2. Abstract | Full Text (535 K)
5.
Carpenter, R. C., (1981). The determination of cadmium, copper, lead and thallium in human liver and kidney tissue by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after enzymatic digestion. Anal. Chim. Acta, 125, 209-213 (5 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)85071-6. Abstract | Full Text (350 K)
6.
Chamsaz,. M.; Arbab-Zavar, M. H.; Darroudi, A.; Salehi, T., (2009). Preconcentration of thallium (I) by single drop microextraction with electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy detection using dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 as extractant system. J. Hazard. Mat., 167 (1-3), 597-601 (5 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.01.019. Abstract
7.
Chang, X. J.; Su, Q. Q.; Wei, X. J.; Wang, B. T., (2001). Determination of thallium in water samples. Mikrochim. Acta, 137, 209-213 (5 Pages), DOI: 10.1007/s006040170013. Abstract | Full Text (82 K)
8.
Chen, Z.; Zhang, N.; Zhuo, L.; Tang, B., (2009). Catalytic kinetic methods for photometric or fluorometric determination of heavy metal ions. Microchim. Acta, 164 (3-4), 311-336 (26 Pages), DOI: 10.1007/s00604-008-0048-8. Abstract | Full Text (370 K)
9.
Ciszewski, A.; Wasiak, W.; Cizewski, W., (1997). Hair analysis. Part 2. Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric determination of thallium in human hair samples of persons in permanent contact with lead in their workplace. Anal. Chim. Acta, 343 (3), 225-229 (5 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/S0003-2670(97)00076-7. Abstract | Full Text (432 K)
10.
Dong, H.; Zheng, H.; Lin, L.; Ye, B., (2006). Determination of thallium and cadmium on a chemically modified electrode with Langmuir Blodgett film of p-allylcalixarene. Sensors & Actuators B, 115 (1), 303-308 (6 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2005.09.017. Abstract | Full Text (222 K)
11.
Fergusson, J. E., (1990). The heavy elements: chemistry, environmental
impact and health effects. Pergamon Press., Oxford. Abstract
12.
Gong, R.; Li, N.; Cai, W.; Liu, Y.; Jiang, J., (2010). α- Ketoglutaric acid-modified chitosan resin as sorbent for enhancing methylene blue removal from aqueous solutions. Int. J. Environ. Res., 4 (1), 27-32 (6 Pages)Abstract | Full Text (113 K)
13.
Hassanien, M. M.; Abou-El-Sherbini, K. H. S.; Mostafa, G. A. E., (2003). A novel tetrachlorothallate (III)-PVC membrane sensor for the potentiometric determination of thallium (III). Talanta, 59 (2), 383-392 (10 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/S0039-9140(02)00530-1. Abstract | Full Text (211 K)
14.
Hosseini, M. S.; Naseri, Y., (2003). Determination of thallium(I) by flotation-spectrophotometric method using iodide and rhodamine b. Anal. Sci., 19 (11), 1505-1508 (4 Pages), DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19.1505. Abstract | Full Text (32 K)
15.
Irving, H. M.; Freiser, H.; West, T. S., (1978). (Eds.), IUPAC Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature: Definitive Rules. Pergamon Press, Oxford. Abstract
16.
Jialong, G.; Gang, G.; Xilin, L.; Tongyue, C., (1985). Spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of thallium with 7-(4,5 dimethylthiazolyl-2-azo)-8- hydroxyquinoline-5-sulphonic acid. Talanta, 32 (11), 1072-1073 (2 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/0039-9140(85)80127-2. Abstract | Full Text (180 K)
17.
Lee, G. J.; Lee, H. M.; Uhm, Y. R.; Lee, M. K.; Rhee, C. K., (2008). Square-wave voltammetric determination of
thallium using surface modified thick-film graphite electrode with Bi nanopowder. Electrochem. Commun., 10 (12), 1920-1923 (4 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2008.10.015. Abstract | Full Text (258 K)
18.
Leonard, A.; Gerber, G. B., (1997). Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity of thallium compounds. Mut. Res., 387 (1), 47-53 (7 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/S1383-5742(97)00022-7. Abstract | Full Text (161 K)
19.
Lukaszewski, Z.; Zembrzuski, W.; Piela, A., (1996). Direct determination of ultratraces of thallium in water by flowinjection differential-pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. Anal. Chim. Acta, 318 (2), 159-165 (7 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(95)00436-X. Abstract | Full Text (556 K)
20.
Mihajlovic, D.; Stafilov, T., (1998). Determination of thallium
in geological samples by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. X-ray Spectrum., 27, 397-400 (4 Pages), DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4539(199811/12)27:6<397::AID-XRS286>3.0.CO;2-6. Abstract | Full Text (78 K)
21.
Miyazaki, A.; Sanpei, T.; Tao, H.; Nagase, T., (1992). Determination of trace thallium in natural waters by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry combined with solvent extraction. Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 3, 307-311 (5 Pages), DOI: 2536, 35400002820737.0110. Abstract | Full Text
22.
Namboothiri, K. K.; Balasubramanian, N.; Ramakrishna, T. V., (1991). Spectrophotometric determination of thallium
after its extraction as an ion-pair of the chloro-complex and pyronine G. Talanta, 38 (8), 945-949 (5 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/0039-9140(91)80277-7. Abstract | Full Text (417 K)
23.
Nameni, M.; Alavi Moghadam, M. R.; Arami, M., (2008). Adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions by wheat bran. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 5 (2), 161-168 (8 Pages)Abstract | Full Text (155 K)
24.
Rezaei, B.; Meghdadi, S.; Majidi, N., (2007). Preconcentration of thallium (III) with 2,6-bis (N-phenyl carbamoyl) pyridine on microcrystalline naphthalene prior to its trace
determination in human serum spectrophotometrically. Spectrochim. Acta, Part A 67 (1), 92-97 (6 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2006.06.028. Abstract | Full Text (400 K)
25.
Samarghandi, M. R.; Nouri, J.; Mesdaghinia, A. R.; Mahvi, A. H.; Nasseri, S.; Vaezi, F., (2007). Efficiency removal of phenol, lead and cadmium by means of UV/TiO2/H2O2 processes. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 4 (1), 19-25 (7 Pages)Abstract | Full Text (187 K)
26.
Shah, B. A.; Shah, A. V.; Singh R. R., (2009). Sorption isotherms and kinetics of chromium uptake from wastewater using natural sorbent material. 6 (1), 77-90 (14 Pages)Abstract | Full Text (506 K)
27.
Shams, E.; Yekehtaz, M., (2002). Determination of trace amounts of thallium by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry with xylenol orange. Anal. Sci., 18 (9), 993-996 (4 Pages), DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18.993. Abstract | Full Text (37 K)
28.
Shimizu, T.; Kozawa, S.; Kawaguchi, H.; Shijo, Y., (1998). Determination of ultra traces of thallium in natural waters by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after solvent extraction and back extraction. Nippon Kagaku Kaishi., 4, 247-251 (5 Pages), DOI: 2536, 35400007237408.0040. Abstract
29.
Silva, A. F.; Borges, D. L. G.; Welz, B.; Vale, M. G. R.; Silva, M. M.; Klassen, A.; Heitman, U., (2004). Method development for the determination of thallium in coal using solid sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with continuum source, high-resolution monochromator and CCD array detector. Spectrochim. Acta Part B, 59 (6), 841-850 (10 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2004.03.001. Abstract | Full Text (363 K)
30.
Takeda, K.; Ikushima, S.; Okuzaki, J.; Watanabe, S.; Fujimoto, T.; Nakahara, T., (2001). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric determination of ultra-trace elements in electronic-grade water and chemicals using dulcitol. Anal. Chim. Acta, 426 (1), 105-109 (5 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/S0003-2670(00)01169-7. Abstract | Full Text (57 K)
31.
Tremel, A.; Masson, P.; Garraud, H.; Donald, O. F.; Baize, D.; Mench, M., (1997). Thallium in French agrosystems-II. Concentration of thallium in field-grown rape and some other plant species. Environ. Pollut., 97, 161-168 (8 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/S0269-7491(97)00060-2. Abstract | Full Text (845 K)
32.
Wei, G. T.; Yang, Z.; Chen, C. J., (2003). Room temperature ionic liquid as a novel medium for liquid/ liquid extraction of metal ions. Anal. Chim. Acta, 488 (2), 183-192 (10 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/S0003-2670(03)00660-3. Abstract | Full Text (135 K)
33.
Wolf, S. F.; Unger, D. L.; Friedrich, J. M., (2005). Determination of cosmochemically volatile trace elements in chondritic meteorites by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta, 528 (1), 121-128 (8 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.10.016. Abstract | Full Text (104 K)
34.
Yu, M. Q. ; Tian, W.; Sun, D. W.; Shen, W. B.; Wang, G. P.; Xu, N., (2001). Systematic studies on adsorption of 11 trace heavy metals on thiol cotton fiber. Anal. Chim. Acta, 428 (2), 209-218 (10 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/S0003-2670(00)01238-1. Abstract | Full Text (76 K)
35.
Zvinowanda, C. M.; Okonkwo, J. O.; Shabalala, P. N.; Agyei, N. M., (2009). A novel adsorbent for heavy metal remediation in aqueous environments. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 6 (3), 425-434 (10 Pages)Abstract | Full Text (327 K)