Home Articles Article Details
    Abstracting/Indexing   
      p-ISSN: 1735-1472
     e-ISSN: 1735-2630
    
    (In Press)
Volume 10 (2013)
Volume 9 (2012)
Volume 8 (2011)
Volume 7 (2010)
Volume 6 (2009)
Volume 5 (2008)
Volume 4 (2007)
Volume 3 (2006)
Volume 2 (2005)
Volume 1 (2004)
Treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater in upflow anaerobic filter under low upflow velocity
Article 14: Volume 8, Number 1, Winter 2011, Pages 149-158 (10) XML PDF (423 K)
Authors
R. Rajakumar; T. Meenambal; J. Rajesh Banu; I. T. Yeom
Abstract
The wastewater discharged by poultry slaughterhouse industries are characterized mainly by high biochemical oxygen demand, high suspended solids and complex mixture of fats, proteins and fibers requiring systematic treatment prior to disposal. In this study, the performance of an upflow anaerobic filter reactor for treating Indian poultry slaughterhouse wastewater under low upflow velocity of 1.38 m/day at mesophilic temperature (29-35 ºC) was investigated. The reactor was inoculated with anaerobic non-granular sludge from an anaerobic reactor treating the poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. The reactor took 147 days for complete start-up with removal efficiencies of total chemical oxygen demand and soluble chemical oxygen demand of 70 and 79 % respectively. The maximum total chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency of 78 % was achieved at an organic loading rate of 10.05 kg/m3/day and at an hydraulic retention time of 12 h. The average methane content varied between 46 and 56 % and methane yield at maximum removal efficiency was 0.24 m3 CH4 /kg CODremoved.day. Sludge granules of 1-2 mm were observed in between the packing media. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed that sludge granules are composed of clumps of Methanosarcina clustered with less intertwined Methanosaeta fibre of granules. The lower velocity used in this study has achieved better performance of the reactor by creating active microbial formation with stable pH upto an organic
loading rate of 14.3 kg/m3/day. This has proved that the poultry slaughterhouse wastewater can be treated using anaerobic filter reactor under low upflow velocity.
Keywords
Granular sludge; Mesophilic temperature; Methane yield; Methanosaeta; Methanosarcina; Scanning Electron Microscope
Main Subjects
Poultry slaughterhouse; Upflow anaerobic filter; Wastewater treatment
References
1. Alphenaar, A., (1994). Anaerobic granular sludge: characterization and factors affecting its functioning. Ph.D. thesis Wageningen Agricultural University. The Netherlands, Abstract
2. AOAC, (1984). Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists. Arlington, VA: Association official Analytical chemists,
3. APHA., (1992). Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater. APHA, AWWA, AWWA, WPCF. Washington DC, Abstract
4. Banu, J. R.; Kaliappan, S.; Yeom, I. T., (2007). Treatment of domestic wastewater using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 4 (3), 363-370 (8 Pages) Abstract | Full Text (90 K)
5. Batstone, D. J.; Keller, J.; Blackall, L. L., (2004). The influence of substarte kinetics on the microbial community structure in granular anaerobic biomass. Water Res., 28 (6), 1390-1404 (15 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2003.12.003. Abstract | Full Text (104 K)
6. Behera, S. K.; Rene, E. R.; Murthy, D. V. S., (2007). Performance of up-flow anoxic bioreactor for wastewater treatment. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 4 (2), 247-252 (6 Pages) Abstract | Full Text (103 K)
7. Bicheldey; T. K.; Latushkina, E., (2010). Biogass emission prognosis at the landfills. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 7 (4), 623-628 (6 Pages) Abstract | Full Text (582 K)
8. Borja, R.; Banks, C. J., (1995). Comparison of an anaerobic filter and anaerobic fluidized bed reactor treating palm oil mill effluent. Process Biochem., 30 (6), 511-521 (11 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/0032-9592(94)00035-2. Abstract
9. Del pozo, R.; Diez, V.; Beltran, S., (2000). Anaerobic pre-treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater using fixed-film reactors. Biores. Tech., 71 (2), 143-149 (7 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/S0960-8524(99)90065-2. Abstract | Full Text (206 K)
10. Elmitwalli, T. A.; Zandvoort, M.; Zeeman, G.; Bruning, H.; Lettinga, G., (1999). Low temperature treatment of domestic sewage in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and anaerobic hybrid reactors. 39 (5), 177-185 (9 pages).. Water Sci. Tech., 39 (5), 177-185 (9 Pages) Abstract | Full Text
11. Gangagni Rao, A.; Venkata Naidu, G.; Krishna Prasad, K.; Chandrasekhar Rao, N.; Venkata Mohan, S.; Annapurna Jetty; Sharma, P. N., (2005). Anaerobic treatment of wastewater with high suspended solids from a bulk drug industry using fixed film reactor (AFFR). Biores. Tech., 96 (1), 87-93 (7 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2003.05.007. Abstract | Full Text (355 K)
12. Ghangrekar, M. M.; Kahalekar, U. J.; Takalkar, S. V., (2003). Design of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for treatment of organic wastewaters. Indian J. Environ. Health., 45 (2), 121-132 (12 Pages), DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15270344. Abstract
13. Grotenhuis, J. T. C.; Kissel, J. C.; Plugge, C. M.; Stams, A. J. M.; Zehnder, A. J. B., (1991). Role of substrate concentration in particle size distribution of methanogenic granular sludge in UASB reactors. Water Res., 25 (1), 21-27 (7 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/0043-1354(91)90094-7. Abstract | Full Text (610 K)
14. Guerrero, L.; Omil, F.; Mendez, R.; Lema, J. M., (1997). Treatment of saline wastewaters from fish meal factories in an anaerobic filter under extreme ammonia concentrations. Biores. Tech., 61 (1), 69-78 (10 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/S0960-8524(97)84701-3. Abstract | Full Text (1112 K)
15. Hulshoff Pol, L. W.; de Zeeuw, W. J.; Velzeboer, C. T. M.; Lettinga, G., (1983). Granulation in UASB recators. Water Sci. Tech., 15 (8/9), 291-304 (14 Pages)
16. Igwe, J. C.; Abia, A. A.; Ibeh, C. A., (2008). Adsorption kinetics and intraparticulate diffusivities of Hg, As and Pb ions on unmodified and thiolated coconut fiber. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 5 (1), 83-92 (10 Pages) Abstract | Full Text (198 K)
17. Isa, M. H.; Farooqi, I. H.; Siddiqi, R. H., (1993). Methanogenic activity test for study of anaerobic processes. Indian J. Environ. Health., 35 (1), 1-8 (8 Pages) Abstract | Full Text (372 K)
18. Jawed, M.; Tare, V., (1997). Comparative evaluation of anaerobic packed bed and sludge blanket reactors. the 8th International conference on anaerobic digestion (AD_97), Sendai, Japan, 3, 169-172 (4 Pages)
19. Jawed, M.; Tare, V., (2000). Post-mortem examination and analysis of anaerobic filters. Biores. Tech., 72 (1), 75-84 (10 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00087-5. Abstract | Full Text (795 K)
20. Jawed, M.; Tare, V., (1999). Microbial composition assessment of anaerobic biomass through methanogenic activity tests. Water SA., 25 (3), 345-350 (6 Pages) Abstract | Full Text (104 K)
21. Jhung, J. K.; Choi, E., (1995). A comparative study of UASB and anaerobic fixed film recators with development of sludge granulation. Water Res., 29 (1), 271-277 (7 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/0043-1354(94)E0123-N. Abstract | Full Text (593 K)
22. Juang, D. F.; Chiou, L. J., (2007). Microbial population structures in activated sludge before and after the application of synthetic polymer. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 4 (1), 119-125 (7 Pages) Abstract | Full Text (82 K)
23. Karapidakis, E. S; Tsave, A. A; Soupios, P, M ; Katsigiannis, Y. A., (2010). Energy efficiency and environmental impact of biogas utilization in landfills. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 7 (3), 599-608 (10 Pages) Abstract | Full Text (2288 K)
24. Khageshan, P.; Govindan, V. S., (1995). Anaerobic filter for treatment of sago wastewater. 4th national symposium on Environment, Chennai, India, , 248-252 (5 Pages)
25. Kroyer, G., (1991). Food processing wastes. Bio conversion of waste materials to industrial products, , 293-311 (19 Pages) Abstract
26. Leitao, R. C., (2004). Robustness of UASB reactors treating sewage under tropical conditions. Ph.D. thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands, . Full Text
27. Lettinga, G.; Field, J.; van Lier Zeeman, G.; Hulshoff Pol, L. W., (1997). Advanced anaerobic wastewater treatment in the near future. Water Sci. Tech., 35 (10), 5-12 (8 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00222-9. Abstract | Full Text
28. Liu, R. R.; Tian, Q.; Yang, B.; Chen, J., (2010). Hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor for treatment of desizing wastewater. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 7 (1), 111-118 (8 Pages) Abstract | Full Text (687 K)
29. Mehta, R.; Nambiar, R. G., (2002). Live stock industrialization trade and social-health environment impact in developing countries. . Full Text
30. Nwuche, C. O.; Ugoji, E. O., (2008). Effects of heavy metal pollution on the soil microbial activity. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 5 (3), 409-414 (6 Pages) Abstract | Full Text (82 K)
31. Okoli, I. C; Nweke, C. U; Okoli, C. G; Opara, M. N., (2006). Assessment of the mycoflora of commercial poultry feeds sold in the humid tropical environment of Imo State, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 3 (1), 9-14 (6 Pages) Abstract | Full Text (79 K)
32. Picanco, A. P.; Vallero, M. V. G.; Gianotti, E. P.; Zaiat.; Blundi, C. E., (2001). Influence of porosity and composition of supports on the methanogenic biofilm characteristics developed in a fixed bed reactor. Water Sci. Tech., 44 (4), 197-204 (8 Pages) Abstract | Full Text
33. Ruiz, I.; Veiga, M. C.; de Santiago, P.; Blázquez., (1997). Treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater in a UASB reactor and an anaerobic filter. Biores. Tech., 60 (3), 251-258 (8 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/S0960-8524(97)00020-5. Abstract | Full Text (711 K)
34. Saravanane, R.; Murthy, D. V. S.; Krishnaiah., (2001). Anaerobic treatment and biogas recovery for sago wastewater management using a fluidized bed reactor. Water Sci. Tech., 44 (6), 141-147 (7 Pages) Abstract | Full Text
35. Shah, B. A; Shah, A. V.; Sigh, R. R ., (2009). Sorption isotherms and kinetics of chromium uptake from wastewater using natural sorbent material. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 6 (1), 77-90 (14 Pages) Abstract | Full Text (506 K)
36. Tay, J.; Show, K., (1998). Media-Induced hydraulic behaviour and performance of upflow filters. J. Environ. Eng., 124 (8), 720-729 (10 Pages), DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1998)124:8(720). Abstract | Full Text
37. Tay, J.; Yan, Y., (1996). Influence of substrate concentration on microbial selection and granulation during start-up of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors 68 (7), 1140-1150 (11 pages).. Water Env. Res., 68 (7), 1140-1150 (11 Pages), DOI: 10.2175/106143096X128540. Abstract
38. Thirumurthi, D., (1988). Effects of mixing velocity in anaerobic fixed film reactors. Water Res., 22 (4), 517-523 (7 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/0043-1354(88)90049-8. Abstract | Full Text (525 K)
39. Tilche, A.; Vieira, S. M. M., (1991). Discussion report on reactor design of anaerobic filters and sludge bed reactors. Water Sci. Tech., 24 (8), 193-206 (14 Pages)
40. Tritt, W. P., (1992). The anaerobic treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater in fixed-bed reactors. Biores. Tech., 41 (3), 201-207 (7 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/0960-8524(92)90002-F. Abstract | Full Text (640 K)
41. Zinder, S. H., (1993). Physiological ecology of methanogens. In: . Newyork: Chapman and Hall. Methanogenesis: ecology, biochemistry and genetics, Abstract