A central composite face-centered design was used to study and to optimize lead biosorption from aqueous solution on Aspergillus terreus biomass. Four factors such as stirring speed, temperature, solution pH, and biomass dose at different levels were studied.The hierarchical quadratic model were established by adding replicates at the central point and axial points to the initial full factorial design (24). The percentage removal of lead was affected by biomass dose, pH, and interactions between pH and biomass dose, pH and stirring speed, pH and temperature. The hierarchical quadratic model described adequately the response surface based on the adjusted determination coefficient (R2Adj=.0.97) and the adequate precision ratio (42.21). According to this model, the optimal conditions to remove lead completely from aqueous solutions (at initial lead concentration of 50 mg/L and solutions of 100 mL) with Aspergillus terreus were at pH 5.2, 50 °C, stirring speed of 102/min and a biomass dose of 139 mg.The response surface methodology can be used to determine the optimal conditions for metal adsorption on several adsorbents. In addition, results reported in this research demonstrated the feasibility of employing A. terreus as biosorbent for lead removal.
Ahalya, N.; Ramachandra, T. V.; Kanamadi, R. D., (2003). Biosorption of heavy metals. Res. J. Chem. Environ., 7 (4), 71-78 (8 Pages)Abstract | Full Text (5262 K)
2.
Almaguer-Cantú, V.; Garza-González, M. T.; Rivera de la Rosa, J.; Loredo Medrano, J. A., (2008). Biosorption of Pb (II) and Cd(II) in Fix Bed Column by immobilized Chlorella sp. Biomass. Water Sci. Tech., 58 (5), 1061-1069 (9 Pages), DOI: 10.2166/wst.2008.451. Abstract | Full Text
3.
Amini, M.; Younesi, H.; Bahramifar, N., (2009). Statistical modeling and optimization of the cadmium biosorption process in an aqueous solution using Aspergillus niger. Colloids Surf. A., 337 (1-3), 67-73 (7 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.11.053. Abstract | Full Text (1001 K)
4.
Amini, M.; Younesi, H.; Bahramifar, N.; Lorestani, A. A. Z.; Ghorbani, F.; Daneshi, A.; Sharifzadeh, M., (2008). Application of response surface methodology for optimization of lead biosorption in an aqueous solution by Aspergillus niger. J. Hazard. Mater., 154 (1-3), 694-702 (9 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.10.114. Abstract | Full Text (685 K)
5.
Box, G. E. P.; Hunter, W. G.; Hunter, J. S., (1978). Statistics for experimenters: An introduction to design, data analysis, and model building.. New York, John Wiley & Sons.,
6.
Cerino-Córdova F.J.; García-León A.M.; Soto-Regalado E.; Sánchez-González M.N.; Lozano-Ramírez T.; García-Avalos B.C.; Loredo-Medrano J.A., (2011). Experimental design for the optimization of copper biosorption from aqueous solution by Aspergillus terreus. J. Environ. Manag., , DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.01.004. Abstract | Full Text (545 K)
7.
Crist, R. H.; Oberholser, K.; Shank, K.; Nguyen, M., (1981). Nature of bonding between metallic ions and algal cell walls. Environ. Sci. Tech., 15 (10), 1212-1217 (6 Pages), DOI: 10.1021/es00092a010. Abstract | Full Text (727 K)
8.
Design Expert., (2000). Version 6.0.1, Stat-Ease Inc., Minneapolis, MN. www.statease.com.
9.
Fourest, E.; Roux, J., (1992). Heavy metals biosorption by fungal mycelial by-product: Mechanisms and influence of pH. Appl. Microbiol. Biotech., 37 (3), 399-403 (5 Pages), DOI: 10.1007/BF00211001. Abstract | Full Text (475 K)
10.
Freitas, O.; Delerue-Matos, C.; Boaventura, R., (2009). Optimization of Cu(II) biosorption onto Ascophyllum nodosum by factorial design methodology. J. Hazard. Mater., 167 (1-3), 449-454 (6 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.01.001. Abstract | Full Text (1103 K)
11.
Garcia-Reyes R; Rangel-Mendez J. R., (2009). Contribution of agro-waste material main components (hemicelluloses, cellulose, and lignin) to the removal of chromium (III) from aqueous solution. J. Chem. Tech. Biotech., 84 (10), 1533-1538 (6 Pages), DOI: 10.1002/jctb.2215. Abstract | Full Text (260 K)
12.
Garcia-Reyes, R. B.; Rangel-Mendez, J. R.; Alfaro-de la Torre, M. C., (2009). Chromium (III) uptake by agro-waste biosorbents: Chemical characterization, sorption-desorption studies, and mechanism. J. Hazard. Mater., 170 (2-3), 845-854 (10 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.046. Abstract | Full Text (1343 K)
13.
Goksungur, Y.; Uren, S.; Guvenc, U., (2005). Biosorption of cadmium and lead ions by ethanol treated waste baker’s yeast biomass. Bioresour. Tech., 96 (1), 103-109 (7 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2003.04.002. Abstract | Full Text (287 K)
14.
Gueu, S.; Yao, B.; Adouby, K.; Ado, G. Win (2007). Kinetics and thermodynamics study of lead adsorption on to activated carbons from coconut and seed hull of the palm tree. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 4 (1), 11-17 (7 Pages)Abstract | Full Text (186 K)
15.
Gulati, R.; Saxena, R. K.; Gupta, R.; Yadav, R. P.; Davidson, W. S., (1999). Parametric optimization of Aspergillus terreus lipase production and its potential in ester synthesis. Process Biochem., 35 (5), 459-469 (11 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/S0032-9592(99)00090-4. Abstract | Full Text (172 K)
16.
Issabayeva, G.; Aroua, M. K.; Sulaiman, N. M. N., (2006). Removal of lead from aqueous solutions on palm shell activated carbon. Bioresour. Technol., 97 (18), 2350-2355 (6 Pages), DOI: doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2005.10.023. Abstract | Full Text (142 K)
17.
Iyer, A.;Mody, K.; Jha, B., (2005). Biosorption of heavy metals by a marine bacterium. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 50 (3), 340-343 (4 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.11.012. Abstract | Full Text (243 K)
18.
Kaur, H.; Kaur, A.; Saini, H. S.; Chadha, B. S., (2009). Screening and selection of lovastatin hyper-producing mutants of Aspergillus terreus using cyclic mutagenesis. Acta Microbiol. Immunol. Hung., 56 (2), 169-180 (12 Pages), DOI: 10.1556/AMicr.56.2009.2.5. Abstract | Full Text (438 K)
19.
Khalaf MA., (2008). Biosorption of reactive dye from textile wastewater by non-viable biomass of Aspergillus niger and Spirogyra sp. Bioresour. Tech., 99 (14), 6631-6634 (4 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.12.010. Abstract | Full Text (102 K)
20.
Lodeiro, P.; Cordero, B.; Barriada, J. L.; Herrero, R.; de Vicente, M. E. S., (2005). Biosorption of cadmium by biomass of brown marine macroalgae. Bioresour. Technol., 96 (16), 1796-1803 (8 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.01.002. Abstract | Full Text (337 K)
21.
Montgomery D. C., (2001). Design and analysis of experiments. New York, John Wiley & Sons.,
22.
Nouri, J.; Lorestani, B.; Yousefi, N.; Khorasani, N.; Hasani, A. H.; Seif, S.; Cheraghi, M. (2011). Phytoremediation potential of native plants grown in the vicinity of Ahangaran lead–zinc mine (Hamedan, Iran). Environ. Earth Sci., 62 (3), 639-644 (6 Pages), DOI: 10.1007/s12665-010-0553-z. Abstract | Full Text (214 K)
23.
Pal, A.; Ghosh, S.; Paul, A. K., (2006). Biosorption of cobalt by fungi from serpentine soil of Andaman. Bioresour. Tech., 97 (10), 1253-1258 (6 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.01.043. Abstract | Full Text (305 K)
24.
Qiming Y.; Kaewsarn P., (1999). A model for pH dependent equilibrium of heavy metal biosorption. Korean J. Chem. Eng., 16 (6), 753-757 (5 Pages), DOI: 10.1007/BF02698347. Abstract | Full Text (636 K)
25.
Regine H.; Volesky B., (2000). Biosorption: a solution to pollution. Int . Microbiol., 3 (1), 17-24 (8 Pages)Abstract | Full Text (405 K)
26.
Ruchi, G.; Saxena, R. K.; Rani, G., (2003). Fermentation waste of Aspergillus terreus: A promising copper bio-indicator. Process Biochem., 18 (5), 397-401 (5 Pages), DOI: 10.1023/A:1015540921432. Abstract | Full Text (299 K)
27.
Seki, H.; Suzuki, A.; Maruyama, H., (2005). Biosorption of chromium(VI) and arsenic(V) onto methylated yeast biomass. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 281 (2), 261-266 (6 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.08.167. Abstract | Full Text (165 K)
28.
Selatnia, A.; Boukazoula, A.; Kechid, N.; Bakhti, M. Z.; Chergui, A.; Kerchich, Y., (2004). Biosorption of lead (II) from aqueous solution by a bacterial dead Streptomyces rimosus biomass. Biochem. Eng. J., 19 (2), 127-135 (9 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2003.12.007. Abstract | Full Text (141 K)
29.
Silverstein R. M.; Webster F. X., (1998). Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds. New York Wiley & Sons.,
30.
Tunali, S.; Akar, T.; Ozcan, A. S.; Kiran, S.; Ozcan, A., (2006). Equilibrium and kinetics of biosorption of lead(II) from aqueous solutions by Cephalosporium aphidicola. Sep. Purif. Tech., 47 (3), 105-112 (8 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2005.06.009. Abstract | Full Text (162 K)
31.
Volesky, B., (2001). Detoxification of metal-bearing effluents: biosorption for the next century. Hydrometallurgy., 59 (2-3), 203-216 (14 Pages), DOI: 10.1016/S0304-386X(00)00160-2. Abstract | Full Text (1568 K)
Yan G.; Viraraghavan T., (2000). Effect of pretreatment on the bioadsorption of heavy metals on Mucor rouxii. Water S.A., 26, 119-123 (5 Pages)Abstract | Full Text (47 K)